How the elevator works?

In the rapid development of a modern city, a tall building rises. An elevator is a vertical transport device that transports passengers or cargo up and down the building. The development of China's elevator industry, from the reform and opening up to today, the elevator industry unknowingly gone through a nothing, there are more. Not only that, there are many accidents in the elevators. How much do you know about the working principle of elevators? How much is the elevator ? Let's go and see it together.

Elevator Overview

Elevator An electric motor-powered vertical elevator equipped with a box-shaped pod for use on multi-storey buildings to carry people or carry goods. There are also step-style, tread board mounted on the track continuous operation, commonly known as the escalator.

Serves stationary lift equipment on specified floors. It has a car that runs between at least two rows of rigid rails that are vertical or have an angle of inclination of less than 15°. The car size and structure allow passengers to access or load and unload cargo.

It is customary to use elevators as the general term for vertical transportation vehicles in buildings regardless of their driving methods.

According to the rated speed, it can be divided into three kinds: low speed elevator (less than 1 meter/second), fast elevator (1 to 2 meters/second) and high-speed elevator (more than 2 meters/second). Hydraulic lifts began in the middle of the 19th century and are still used in low-rise buildings. In 1852, EG Otis of the United States developed a safety lifter with a steel rope hoist. In the 1980s, there were further improvements to the drive, such as the electric motor driving the winding drum through the worm drive and the use of counterweights. At the end of the 19th century, friction wheel transmission was adopted, which greatly increased the lift height of the elevator.

The structure and composition of the elevator

Modern elevators mainly consist of traction machines (winches), guide rails, counterweight devices, safety devices (such as speed limiters, safety gear, and buffers), signal control systems, cars, and hall doors. These parts are installed in the shaft and room of the building. The wire rope friction drive is usually adopted. The wire rope bypasses the traction sheave. Both ends are respectively connected with the car and the balance weight. The motor drives the traction sheave to lift the car. Elevators require safety and reliability, high transport efficiency, accurate leveling, and comfortable rides. The basic parameters of the elevator are the rated load, the number of passengers, the rated speed, the size of the car and the well type.

Take the example of an ordinary passenger traction elevator. The elevator consists of a Traction System, a suspension compensation system, an electrical system, and a safety device. The car and the counterweight run in the shaft of the building. Traction machines and electrical systems are placed in the machine room. .

How elevators work

Both ends of the traction rope are connected with the car and the counterweight, respectively, and are wound around the traction wheel and the guide wheel. The traction motor drives the traction wheel to rotate through the decelerator, and the traction force caused by the friction between the traction rope and the traction wheel is , to achieve the lifting movement of the car and the counterweight, to achieve the purpose of transportation. The guide shoes fixed on the car can be lifted and reciprocated along a fixed guide rail installed on the wall of the hoistway of the building to prevent the car from being deflected or oscillated during operation. The normally closed block brake releases the brake when the motor is working, makes the elevator run, brakes in case of power failure, stops the car from moving up and down, and maintains its stationary state at the designated landing station for personnel and cargo access. The car is a box component that carries passengers or other loads. The counterweight is used to balance car loads and reduce motor power. The compensation device is used to compensate for tension and weight changes in the movement of the traction rope, so that the traction motor load is stable and the car can be accurately stopped. The electrical system realizes the control of the elevator movement and completes the selection of layers, leveling layers, speed measurement and lighting. Instruct the call system to display the direction of movement of the car and the location of the floor at any time. Safety devices ensure safe operation of the elevator.